Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
An Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is a maritime zone extending 200 nautical miles (370 km) from a coastal state's baseline, within which the state has special rights to explore, exploit and manage the natural resources in the adjacent waters, including fish stocks, oil and gas reserves, and minerals. The coastal state also has jurisdiction over the establishment and use of artificial islands, installations, and structures for economic purposes. However, other states enjoy the freedom of navigation and overflight in the EEZ, as well as the freedom to lay submarine cables and pipelines. The EEZ was introduced by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in 1982.
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