Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)

In the context of maritime navigation, Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) refers to a type of orbit around Earth that satellites use, located above the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and below the Geostationary Orbit (GEO). The altitude for MEO ranges from 2,000 to 35,786 kilometers above the Earth's surface. Satellites in MEO have an orbital period that typically lasts a few hours, which is faster than GEO satellites but slower than LEO satellites. MEO is particularly significant in maritime navigation because it is the home of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), including the Global Positioning System (GPS), GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou, which provide critical positioning, navigation, and timing services to maritime operations worldwide. These systems enable precise navigation and tracking of vessels, contributing to safer and more efficient sea travel. Furthermore, MEO satellites are also used for telecommunications, including mobile satellite services, which provide essential communication capabilities for maritime operations, especially in remote sea areas where terrestrial networks are not available.
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