London Convention
The London Convention, officially known as the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 1972, is an agreement to control pollution of the sea by dumping and to encourage regional agreements supplementary to the Convention. It is one of the first global conventions to protect the marine environment from human activities, and it has been in force since 1975. The convention covers the deliberate disposal at sea of wastes or other matter from vessels, aircraft, and platforms. It does not cover pollution from land-based sources, pollution by dumping from pipelines, or pollution arising from the normal operation of ships. The convention introduced the 'black and gray lists' concept. The 'black list' contains substances such as organohalogen compounds and mercury, whose disposal is prohibited. The 'gray list' contains substances that are not on the 'black list' and require a special permit for disposal.
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